Foundations,
explained.
AI concept docs on foundations: clear explanations of what each is, how it works, the trade-offs, and the pitfalls.
Large language models (LLMs)
Models trained to predict the next token of text, which turns out to be a powerful way to read, write, and reason over language.
Tokens and context windows
LLMs read and write in tokens, and they can only consider a limited window of them at once. This shapes cost, latency, and what fits.
Embeddings
Numeric representations of text (or images) that place similar meanings close together, enabling search and retrieval by meaning.
Human-like Memory in AI Systems
AI systems in 2026 are increasingly incorporating human-like memory, enabling models to retain and recall information across interactions, mimicking working memory for more coherent and context-aware outputs.
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